Ricardo Verges, architect and economist, born in Badalona lives in Seville since 1985, between 1967 and 1985 he taught at the University of Montreal and from 1950 to 1967 he was living in Paris where he graduated in economics from the construction and habitat by the University Paris. Independence in their work has allowed him to pursue a line very critical in their studies and publications on the Spanish property market.

Does Spain is as bad or worse in 2011 than they say?

Spain today is much worse than before the housing boom began in 1997 and the outbreak of the crisis in 2007. And if worse, although current levels of economic indicators are similar and are still below those of the crisis of 1992-96. The reason for the decline is the fact that we are now three times more indebted then about ourselves, but above all, with respect to the outer banks.

What is the recipe for ending the crisis?

What prevents the recovery is the lack of liquidity. You go to the bank for whatever and you say there is no money, and it is true, how can that be true when we produce even as much as before the boom? The problem is that zillions of billions invested by French and German banks in the "Spanish miracle", is still around half a billion in the hands of real estate and builder and with little hope of return. And any bank that likes to sit back, most likely waiting to know what to do with us, we require timely payment of interest. If so, Spanish banks accredited to the European Interbank, they have no choice but to send to Frankfurt from 50 to 70 million each passing day. Until we find bleeding through tackling the liquidity crisis will continue. That is what follows from the IMF statistics.

the "enladrillamiento" from the architect's point of view and from the standpoint of the economist.

The economy is the quartermaster of life. According to Nobel laureate Gary Becker, in each territory each generation must be self-sufficient and forward to the next one better than productive assets received completely free of debt or deficits, environmental and others. For this to happen, we must invest wisely to produce their own savings and then to consume adequate. Now, if little is invested in producing goods and much real wealth to enjoy it, then passed productive assets will be lower and / or worse than the one received. But if you spend more than amortizing, then the next generation will be born in debt. Furthermore, if a territory invests the savings of others, then you are borrowing compared to the present and future of the other territories.

Since 1999, I have witnessed and "chronicler" of the violation of each and every one of these principles in many of our peninsular territories. The argument is always the same: the search for an illusory wealth due to the overvaluation of assets owned or mortgaged land. However, as Aristotle said Milton Friedman reminds us, the value of things, including money-is not only that people will perceive the match between their availability. In the seventeenth century, Europeans had a craving as tulips and little cultivated, each plant was worth a fortune. But when set to grow extensively, spent the whim and no one wanted them. Many Dutch people were ruined. Bubbles and "crashes" from ignorance of the concept of value and its replacement by beliefs as the continuity of the value assigned at any given time by the environment.

Where has gone the benefit of the housing bubble?

The judges are at it, but only for those who have achieved benefits. For others who have stayed on track, better to speak of "witchcraft". It's what they discovered each day credited to the promoters of such operations.

What political and social consequences may be in the future?

Becker principles are long term. Therefore, even transgrediéndolos all at once, the housing boom could have paid off a substantial short-term success. However, it has been the case and many of the operations launched shortly before the close of the tap in Frankfurt, have resulted in a complete failure. Are those which comprise the "stock" with housing but still works paralyzed or closed but not sold, or sold and removed but not to the end user's name but the name of intermediaries controlled by banks and to avoid bankruptcy, etc.. As a whole and not counting the works that follow its normal course, hopefully they get sold upon completion ... - the stock must exceed unresolved and a half million homes. That makes their promoters can not repay their loans to these entities nor to our foreign creditors. So dire consequences accumulate short and long term.

Do you think the EU and the IMF will eventually intervene Spain?

In terms of private credit, which we see, is "the mother of the lamb" - Europe could not do anything but give advice and show his mood to see endanger the euro. Now if the Spanish public debt shot up, then I could intervene. This is what has happened due to political stubbornness of our governments. You have to understand that extreme.

The "Spanish miracle" was not only housing but also for public works. But such public works would not have been possible without the property. Indeed, the enormity of the production and residential real estate prices between 2003 and 2007, has led to extraordinary taxation of so-called "operating surplus" of companies through corporate tax. To this charge has been able to fund the AVE and others, virtually the mortgage account without issuing debt. A success ...

But in 2007 Frankfurt closes the tap and the unsuspecting Spanish awake from a dream that felt eternal. It drops the VAT rise construction, personal income tax of its workers unemployed and the IS fabulous real estate sales. The budgets of state and immediately of the Autonomous-shrink to the point of threatening to have to cut short any new bids. This is where we make the biggest mistake: instead of acknowledging the facts and simply finish what already tendered, remove chest from one side or the other, to keep pace with before so we can win (or lose) the next election. The price we pay for this mistake was, of course, the firing of public debt and therefore the painful recognition of the fallacy of the "Spanish miracle" to all Europe.

Do you think social groups and the networking, operating outside of taxes and established models are an alternative?

Not now, because the network media, political, financial, etc.. controls 100% of the little Spanish that most absorbed as information. Is as in parts of rural America, plus the sun and caps. But here, even without seeking prominence and limiting yourself to present facts, you can have a significant success on the Internet and at the same time, see you scratched from the list of all media from the more populist to the most intellectual, almost without exception. In my thirty years of corporate and university education in G7 countries, I have not known anything like the control information that is prevalent in Spain.

Do you think that social groups have some key policy development and the global economy does not consider or should consider?

Yes they are the developers that everything that happens is done with our work and our money. Economic democracy is not yet installed. Perhaps with the emerging "quantum economics" not afraid of the complexity of things ...

What is the relationship you had with the AACC network?

The documentary € SPANISH DR € AM and my encounters with William Cruz and Santiago Cirugeda I understand further.

Personal contribution: www.ricardoverges.com

Diego Peris, architect of Madrid belongs to the group ALL FOR THE PRAXIS. The search and creation of new socio-cultural purposes is their biggest concern. Highlights his work in the Cañada Real, within the project without state, along with DEMOCRACY and URBAN RECIPES.

How long have you been working in the Cañada Real?

About three years

When do you go to work with the network of groups?

Stateless project was the first collaboration with urban recipes, collaborating in the construction of the stands of the canyon and later in the training center, then came the rest.

How do you relate to the groups working on a network?

Friendship and common interests.

What is your contribution to the network?

I can not say specifically, work and collaborate with other groups, participate in meetings and have a certain presence in discussion forums on the network, but do not have a specific contribution.

Why do you think there is a project?

I think that is common in most of the groups that are integrated into this network. Share the desire to build a critical mass, the availability of a direct connection with other groups working with them, sharing information, resources, joint projects and common desires, we bring to our work a dimension far as we reached no collective . Being in this moment of collective optimism is great and I think this need for spreading optimism and hope is what makes a project like this

What you see viavilidad network in present and future?

I do not like to talk in terms of feasibility, the network is not viable economistic terms, this is a project that transcends those issues. As this network as I see the future in constant growth and transformation. I find it important to cultivate critical thinking, enhance and maintain optimism internal debate, I think keeping these basics are promises a long life

Say a word that defines the network for you.

Collective, a group ....

In what situation do you think is the collective work across the board (other)?

There is everything, but generally I think we all share the same state, a lot of insecurity, the desire to do things to experience and look forward to sharing experiences and projects.

Do you know a similar social system?

Many, perhaps what distinguishes him from others is the field of action.

Farewell.

Advertise or talk about any upcoming project.

The next project is self-managed sports center is a project arising from the collaboration of the courtyard and group self wonders of tobacco and all for practice. This project proposes the development of self-managed public space through a fun program of sports on a site in central Madrid.

M-etxea is a collective of architects born in the School of Architecture in Donostia. It comprises among others: Josemi Martinez Rico, Ezekiel Collantes, Jon Begiristain Mitxelena, Eider Waiter, Ferran Martin, Aitor Leceta ... They contacted AACC network at the meeting of Sant Pere de Torello in 2009. After the meeting decided to organize the meeting of Pasaia last July.

How did you start to relating with social groups?

The first contact was through Straddle3 with which organized a conference on open source architecture in 2004, held at the School of Architecture in Donostia. It was a continuation of the open fridays which were held in Barcelona. Recipes attended urban Hackitectura, Itziar Gonzalez Straddle3, context ...

What do you relate to the groups working on a network?

In addition to personal friendship, work in progress and, above all, unfinished work.

What is your contribution to the network?

Although I do not think we tend to do concrete things and the organization of a complex is not our vocation, I think that the main contribution so far has been the organization of the meeting of Pasaia.

Why do you think there is a project?

We believe it arises from the need to join forces to carry out projects with few economic resources. This lack of resources is supplied with a sum of individual efforts and taking advantage of situations.

What you see on the viability of network present and future?

Continue to the extent that is capable of carrying out collaborative projects.

Tell me a word that you define the network.

Self-help manual?

In what situation do you think is the collective work across the board (other)?

Our impression is that collaboration between groups occurs in very different intensities. In some cases, working intensely and in others are only able for now and tell what they are doing. We feel very positive that the network can encompass different degrees of commitment.

Do you know any similar social system?

Big Brother?

How did the idea for the third meeting of collective Pasaia and how you engage?

The idea came at the meeting of Torello, with two aims, on one hand to carry out a project and that until then had only participated in the meetings as guests. Moreover, the map we saw a bald major groups in the north that we want to fill expanding the network to local authorities.

Farewell.

Advertise or talk about any upcoming project.

The meeting of Pasaia has left many fronts, as the future of the housing module, collaboration with Arteleku, maintain an activity Ziriza ...

Paula Alvarez Victoria Benitez, Sevillian architect and director of the publishing editions VIBOK. For two years working on the development of "Trucks, Containers, Buses", a publication that talks about the creation of this network of groups from the distribution of containers in Zaragoza. I like Paula has become one of the "eyes" watching this network from outside, his work has resulted in a wonderful book that will soon be published. While waiting to confirm a presentation in Seville, on 17 December is presented in Barcelona at the Centre d'Art Santa Monica.

How do you relate to the groups working on a network?

The editorial address, Editions Vibok, unveils its collection "Re-write this book" with a publication on the initiative of Urban Recipes Trucks, Containers, Buses, whose experience has been instrumental in creating the network architecture Collective.

What is your contribution to the network?

What worried me most is the valuable contribution of the network to the other, which are not part of it. I've always wondered what would be the best way to get experience to people unfamiliar with these practices aesthetic activism or outside the norm. The most important thing for me was to convey the visceral and passionate involvement of all involved, while offering an honest and even critical that we stay away from any suspicion of "propaganda". This built near Santiago a double narrative: first stories from the lives and affections, the very groups and individuals involved in the network, with its illusions and conflicts, on the other a critical and plural internal contributions and external, and many questions.

Why do you think there is a project?

It is a good time for the networks; there is great dissatisfaction with the dominant systems and many tools to connect and communicate ideas. This makes it easier to build a common creative capital, develop joint projects and implement them immediately and with considerable autonomy. The economic and ecological uncertainty of this makes even politicians and institutions show greater receptivity to direct action, something that has often been viewed with hostility, even fear.

What you see viable network in present and future?

I think the network has great political potential, but there is much diversity in it, even contradictions. It could pull many sites or even become something else. Everything ultimately depends on which are the common desires. Moreover, I think there is important work to be done around the optimization of the organization and its relation to reality (or realities) to the coupling to be. In the book I throw a lot of questions trying to delve into it ...

Say a word that defines the network for you.

Common infrastructure. In the glossary propose as an alternative to the term "network", which I consider more generic. I think the fact remix space resources, material, human, temporal, economic, etc.. and connect with the emotional life and the daily work with a political will (desire for change or improvement) is what singles out this collaborative environment compared to many other networks. Of course this "common infrastructure" is just one of many possible perspective with which to approach this experience personally is that I was interested to value in this book.

In what situation do you think is the collective work across the board (other)?

It's really booming! It is an ideal time for cooperative work (facilitated by new technologies). Groups are emerging everywhere, networks and networks of groups, often with some independence from the official channels and traditional cultural practices, especially among the younger generation. The debate on the accessibility to the public sphere, which began as a claim of public property (whether urban or electromagnetic spectrum networks) has shifted public resources: there is now talk of public infrastructure, public air time or even public ... All this is part of the Container Trucks Public as a physical space but the same network of diversified practices and connected, as an area of knowledge, is also a public place to care for and protect.

Do you know a similar social system?

Except perhaps in areas associated with poverty or lack of standards (the informal city), I know of none that have managed to create a very complex infrastructure (equipment, logistics, relational, emotional ...) and also associated with geophysical contexts (and different from it). In my opinion this possibility of contact with the different is what gives it enormous political potential.

Farewell.

Advertise or talk about any upcoming project.

Booka ( www.edicionesvibok.net ), a cooperative publishing platform which will enable a version of "Use this book" in an interactive format, open the network and others ...

Personal contribution.

To investigate, throw questions, perhaps a proposal.

Alice ATTOUT, Belgian architect. In Seville two years, working in the urban study recipes. He arrived in Seville with a Leonardo scholarship at that time some containers were still walking around Spain. Right now working on the development of some diagrams that show the path of the collective over the past three years.

How long have you been in Seville?

Two plus years.

How do you relate to the groups working on a network?

I found myself in the network of groups because Recipes Urban team. I have luck, I love my job.

What is your contribution to the network?

I would say it is more technical, drawing, specific projects of diagrams.

Why do you think there is a project?

At the time, for friends, for "few resources", by recalling the notion of common sense, spontaneity, mutual aid, for fun, ... Indeed, for many reasons. Well, in the field of architecture, we could say that comes before the image of the architect "superstar" to which we have become accustomed, but do not think it necessary to mention ...

What you see viable network in present and future?

It is complex to discuss the feasibility when a project is being built and may sound fatalistic talk about death when something is born. For now I know why I do not care who is in good hands.

Say a word that defines the network for you.

I can think of the Belgian motto: "L'union fait la force" [trans.: "Unity is strength"]

In what situation do you think is the collective work across the board (other)?

Just begun. It is considering everything, everyone contributes a little. They are setting the standards. In short is being organized so that it can make possible. No matter what the network level. However, that does not stop already carried out several projects and events that make us think you have to pull ahead.

Do you know a similar social system?

We have not invented anything, is a cooperative system.

Farewell.

Advertise or talk about any upcoming project.

We should begin in March the collective work of Projects in Benicassim, a design center with recycled containers. But we are still with the paperwork ... Then I have really wanted to have on hand Paula's book outlining the history of these containers and see the film of William, of course!

Personal contribution.

Participated in several projects of recycling containers Zaragoza. Technically, either as an architect drawing or as currela "turning screws" as Santi says! Now I'm doing charts and diagrams to visually communicate what is "our" network.

Manu Fernandez. Portugalete (Vizcaya). Works for the company Basque Naider. Says it is difficult to define their profession and wonder if it is really what you do, read or write ...

In what areas Naider works?

We like to explain that work three key issues for development: economic competitiveness, environmental sustainability and social development.

Our areas of work do not form compartments, since they are perceived as areas that interact with each other, so we provide a multidisciplinary approach to all projects we develop.

On the one hand, Naider analytical tool used for positioning and strategic direction and business regions in the process of economic competitiveness, environmental and social. Participate in this process rigorously analyzing the different circumstances and situations, serving at the same time, innovative actions identifier in this field and strong advocate solutions to move towards effective sustainable competitive processes.

Second, since Naider we lead and actively participate in a series of actions of interest and socio-economic impact that lead to cost-effectively practice the ideas, recommendations and experiences accumulated in the team and are also possible by the recognition that we have been gaining in this field between various economic, social and institutional.

What is your contribution to the network?

Our relationship arises because of the activities through which we project our concern for people and organizations committed to change at different levels is what we call Naider Awards. With them we want to recognize people who, due to their track record, or by need-in our opinion most important for social projects, we are attracted by those values ​​of action and commitment.

One of our winners in 2008 was James Cirugeda, because he is all action and commitment, known as atypical architect or urban agitator, the truth is that is in each and every one of his works to heal the urban gaps with our cities and neighborhoods.

These awards have a prize that each winner can spend it to other organizations, either to support initiatives that are very encouraging and need more support.

The result of all this, we agree with him that this recognition could be used to support all the work of network documentation expressed in the documentary.

So, beyond the award itself, what we have seen that we can offer is the symbolic link, as far as possible, and the proximity to support from our approach in promoting the documentary, broadcast, in the contrast, etc..

Why do you think that there is a project?

I think it arises because there are emergency emergency situation in the housing market and housing in Spain, which requires a radical transformation, and also because there is an emergency boiling collective proposals to generate speech and action around this, and in more than fit the demands, the more processors, more theoretical and more realistic.

Your network dimension is also needed to consolidate a speech, each group from its own dynamics because it saved a little risk of creating isolated critical proposals and less impact they may have if you work in network.

Tell me a word that you define such a network.

The word could be "distributed", a distributed network, with autonomy of each group in their ways, their priorities, their dynamics, but with common objectives that each group integrated into their own.

Do you think that social groups have some key policy development and the global economy does not consider or should consider?

Social groups promote interests that are often under-represented in public decision making. They contribute to increasing the visibility of practices and views that are very difficult to take shape in the policies of institutions. They also help to visualize what is sometimes not part of the criteria defining the standard practices. And finally, also serve as places to intervene outside the institutional, precisely, they also give a framework for social organization.